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  • Physiology
  • Physiology Mock
  • Oral Cavity & Gut
  • Temporomandibular Joint
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QUESTION 1 OF 10
Orthodontic tooth movement primarily depends on which physiological process?
A
Direct compression of enamel by orthodontic forces
B
Changes in periodontal capillary pressure and alveolar bone remodeling
C
Increased mineralization of the periodontal ligament
D
Direct activation of osteoblasts without osteoclastic involvement
Correct answer: B
Orthodontic forces alter periodontal capillary pressure, leading to osteoclastic resorption on the compression side and osteoblastic bone formation on the tension side.
QUESTION 2 OF 10
At what force level do dynamic mechanical forces begin to occlude periodontal capillaries on the compression side, leading to local necrosis?
A
5 g
B
15 g
C
25 g
D
50 g
Correct answer: C
Forces around 25 g can occlude periodontal capillaries and initiate bone remodeling.
QUESTION 3 OF 10
What is the approximate capillary pressure in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement?
A
1.5 kPa
B
2.0 kPa
C
3.3 kPa
D
4.5 kPa
Correct answer: C
Capillary pressure in the periodontal ligament is about 3.3 kPa.
QUESTION 4 OF 10
Which cells are primarily responsible for bone resorption on the compression side during orthodontic tooth movement?
A
Osteoblasts
B
Osteocytes
C
Fibroblasts
D
Osteoclasts
Correct answer: D
Osteoclasts resorb bone on the compression side of the periodontal ligament.
QUESTION 5 OF 10
How long do osteoclasts typically remain active before undergoing apoptosis during orthodontic tooth movement?
A
12.5 days
B
7 days
C
5 days
D
15 days
Correct answer: A
Osteoclasts generally undergo apoptosis after about 12.5 days unless stimulated further.
QUESTION 6 OF 10
During orthodontic treatment, bone formation occurs on the tension side of the tooth. What stimulates this osteoblastic activity?
A
Capillary occlusion
B
Stretched periodontal fibroblasts
C
Local necrosis
D
Osteoclast apoptosis
Correct answer: B
Stretching of periodontal fibroblasts triggers growth factor release and piezoelectric currents, stimulating osteoblasts.
QUESTION 7 OF 10
Which factor is most associated with increased risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment?
A
Light intermittent forces
B
Short treatment duration
C
High magnitude and prolonged duration of force
D
Application of only tensile forces
Correct answer: C
Excessive force over long periods can cause root surface damage and resorption.
QUESTION 8 OF 10
What is the primary function of osteoblasts during orthodontic tooth movement?
A
Depositing new bone on the tension side
B
Resorbing alveolar bone on the tension side
C
Initiating capillary occlusion on the compression side
D
Stimulating fibroblast proliferation in the PDL
Correct answer: A
Osteoblasts form new bone on the tension side to stabilize the repositioned tooth.
QUESTION 9 OF 10
What happens during the reversal phase of orthodontic tooth movement?
A
Capillary occlusion leads to necrosis of the PDL
B
Osteoclasts undergo apoptosis and osteoblasts are recruited
C
Periodontal ligament becomes mineralized
D
Enamel demineralization occurs
Correct answer: B
After resorption, osteoclasts die and osteoblasts begin bone formation.
QUESTION 10 OF 10
What best describes the role of proteolytic enzymes in orthodontic tooth movement?
A
They degrade mineralized bone matrix directly
B
They promote fibroblast proliferation on the tension side
C
They initiate apoptosis of osteoblasts
D
They break down unmineralized osteoid to allow osteoclast access
Correct answer: D
Matrix metalloproteinases remove the osteoid layer, allowing osteoclasts to resorb bone.

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